The IAEA’s Statute authorizes it to “establish…standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property”. These are standards that the IAEA must apply to its own operations, and that States can apply through their national regulations. Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon and natural sources of radiation are features of the environment. Radiation…
Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon and natural sources of radiation are features of the environment. Radiation and radioactive substances have many beneficial applications, ranging from power generation to uses in medicine, industry and agriculture. The radiation risks to workers and the public and to the environment that may arise from these applications have to be assessed and, if necessar…
Radiotherapy is one of the major treatment modalities for cancer, along with surgery and chemotherapy. It has been shown to be cost effective in many countries, including in low and middle income countries (LMICs) [1, 2]. Depending on the predominance of specific cancers in the geographic region in question, approximately 40–60% of all cancer patients can benefit from radiotherapy [3–6]. …
In recent years there has been a rapid development in models and approaches to assess whether the environment (or wildlife) is protected from releases of radioactive material. Through the Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS and EMRAS II) and Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA I and MODARIA II) programmes, the IAEA has facilitated knowledge sharing on…
This report contains the 52nd edition of the IAEA’s series of annual reports on operating experience with nuclear power plants in Member States. It is a direct output from the IAEA’s Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) and contains information on electricity production and overall performance of individual plants during 2020. In addition to annual information, the report contains a hist…
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals play a major role in today's nuclear medicine with a positive impact on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. One area of application is radiation synovectomy (RSV). Previously, RSV agents were often simple colloids. More recently, matrixes labelled with short/medium range beta emitters have been developed. However, the lack of generic and peer-reviewed produ…
This publication provides comprehensive detailed guidance for States, competent authorities and operators on how to implement the recommendations and implementing guidance of existing IAEA Nuclear Security Series publications for an effective physical protection system (PPS) for nuclear facilities and nuclear materials in use and storage. It provides further technical detail on how to design an…
The importance of recycling the spent nuclear fuel through partitioning processes has been recognized worldwide for increasing and sustaining nuclear energy. Therefore, the development of advanced partitioning processes, based either on hydrometallurgical or on pyrometallurgical technologies, has received an increasing interest in recent years. Moving towards industrial demonstration, partition…
In response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011, the IAEA developed the IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety. One of the objectives of the plan was to ensure that, following a nuclear emergency, people and the environment are protected from ionizing radiation. One of the activities undertaken to address this objective was the International Project on Mana…
The use of simulators for the training and qualification of nuclear power plant (NPP) control room operating personnel has become a standard practice throughout the world to develop and reinforce knowledge of plant systems and their relationships. It is an approach to increase the ability to apply plant procedures, to advance practical skills in operating the plant in normal, abnormal and emerg…