Book

Medical Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe in Russia (Estimation of Radiation Risks)

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The Chernobyl accident, one of the worst radiation-related disasters ever, occurred about 18 year ago. A lot has been done over the past years to mitigate the consequences of this accident, especially in the worst affected territories of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The efforts to study health effects of the accident, however, need to be continued for many years to come, being an integral part of developing a general strategy for dealing with long-term effects. The question now arises: To what extent health consequences could be evaluated in 1986, given the existing scientific base of radiation epidemiology? The latest 20-30 years have seen a rapid development of radiation epidemiology, which was brought about, first of all, by the need to analyze long-term radiation effects of the 1945 atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It may now be considered as proved that high and medium radiation doses (above 0.3 Sv) lead to an increase in cancer incidence rates. Based on the Japanese data, the ICRP proposed mathematical models to be used for predicting long-term effects of radiation exposure. This brings up a question: Are radiation risks derived for Hiroshima and Nagasaki applicable to low doses (0.2 Sv)? An answer is critically important, as the overwhelming majority of emergency workers and the population exposed as a result of the Chernobyl accident received doses within this range. Actually, understanding of these issues is crucial for dealing with long-term radiation effects of the Chernobyl accident. Deriving radiation risk factors for the Japanese cohort with medium and high doses was based on large-scale epidemiological studies of 86.5 thousand people during a prolonged period. As of now, no other approaches exist to estimating long-term radiation effects. Following the Chernobyl accident the All-Union Distributed Registry of persons exposed to radiation was established as soon as in the summer 1986. The Research Institute of Medical Radiology (Medical Radiological Research Center) of RAMS was designated as the lead organization responsible for creating and maintaining the Registry. By December of 1991, when the USSR collapsed, the Registry database contained individual medical and dosimetric information for 659292 persons, of them 284919 were emergency workers. After disintegration of the Soviet Union the national Chernobyl registries were set up in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. In Russia the registry operations are regulated by the Governmental Decree No 948 of 22 September 1993 'About national registration of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident and other radiation accidents and incidents'. As of January 1 2004, the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) contained individual medical and dosimetric data for 61,1819 persons, including 192148 emergency workers and 359724 residents of four contaminated oblasts of Russia (Bryansk, Kaluga, Oryol and Tula). Since the total number of subjects under study in the RNMDR is 6 times higher than in the Japanese registry, it may be concluded that the activities to assess actual radiation risks at low doses are well under way. The present book consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to emergency workers and the second to the population. The radiation-epidemiological studies described in the book cover the follow-up period from 1986 to 2001

Abstract from INIS (https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:37019879)

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Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

612.0144 IVA m

Penerbit

St. Petersburg : NAUKA., 2004

Deskripsi Fisik

388 p. : illus. ; 24 cm

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

5020262188

Klasifikasi

612.0144

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

Medical Radiological

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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