Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon and natural sources of radiation are features of the environment. Radiation and radioactive substances have many beneficial applications, ranging from power generation to uses in medicine, industry and agriculture. The radiation risks to workers and the public and to the environment that may arise from these applications have to be assessed and, if necessar…
In recent years there has been a rapid development in models and approaches to assess whether the environment (or wildlife) is protected from releases of radioactive material. Through the Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS and EMRAS II) and Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA I and MODARIA II) programmes, the IAEA has facilitated knowledge sharing on…
As societies evolve and citizens have increasingly easy access to more information, stakeholder engagement has become recognized as a growing area of strategic value for the development of nuclear programmes. Nuclear science and technology often face unique challenges with regard to public understanding and acceptance. It is generally recognized that nuclear technologies contribute significantl…
This Safety Requirements publication applies to the predisposal management of radioactive waste of all types and covers all the steps in its management from its generation up to its disposal, including its processing (pretreatment, treatment and conditioning), storage and transport. Such waste may arise from the commissioning, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities; the use of radi…
The objective of this Safety Guide is to provide guidance on the development and implementation of management systems for the pretreatment, treatment, conditioning and storage of radioactive waste. This publication also includes a description of how to apply the requirements detailed in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GS-R-3, to the activities associated with producing a packaged waste form fo…
The IAEA facilitated International Nuclear Management Academy (INMA) supports universities to establish and deliver master’s degree programmes focusing on technology management for the nuclear sector including nuclear power programmes, nuclear applications and radiological technologies. The current publication provides guidance for these master’s programmes that have a specialized focus on …
This Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on the safe management of radioactive waste resulting from the mining and milling of ores, with the purpose of protecting workers, the public and the environment from the consequences of these activities. It supplements Safety Standards Series No. WS-R-1, Near Surface Disposal of Radioactive Waste.
This publication states the fundamental safety objective and ten associated safety principles, and briefly describes their intent and purpose. The fundamental safety objective — to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation — applies to all circumstances that give rise to radiation risks. The safety principles are applicable, as relevant, throughout the en…
This Safety Report compares the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GS-R-3, The Management System for Facilities and Activities, and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications (ASME NQA-1-2008, NQA-1a-2009). It identifies the similarities and differences between them and provides information and guidance to a…
This INSAG report is written for members of boards of directors and senior executives who are responsible for the overall safety of an installation, who make decisions for change, and who implement those decisions. It is also written for senior regulators who, on behalf of the public, ensure that boards of directors and executives meet their responsibilities for safety. The report discusses how…